Classified by servo control mode:

Open loop control CNC machine tool: This type of machine tool does not have a position detection feedback device and usually uses a stepper motor as the actuator. The input data is processed by the CNC system to issue pulse instructions, causing the stepper motor to rotate through a step angle, and then converted into linear movement of the workbench through a mechanical transmission mechanism. The movement speed and displacement of the moving parts are determined by the frequency and number of input pulses.

Semi closed-loop control CNC machine tool: Install detection components (such as inductosyn or photoelectric encoder) at the end of the motor or screw, indirectly detect the displacement of moving parts by detecting their rotation angle, and then feedback it to the CNC system. Due to the fact that most mechanical transmission links are not included in the closed-loop system, stable control characteristics can be obtained. Although its control accuracy is not as good as closed-loop control CNC machine tools, it is more convenient to debug and is therefore widely adopted.

Closed loop control CNC machine tool: This type of CNC machine tool is equipped with a position detection feedback device, which uses a linear displacement detection element and is directly installed on the moving parts of the machine tool. The measurement results are directly fed back to the CNC device, and through feedback, the transmission error in the entire mechanical transmission chain from the electric motor to the moving parts of the machine tool can be eliminated, ultimately achieving precise positioning.

Classified by exercise mode:

Point control CNC machine tool: The CNC system only controls the accurate position of the tool from one point to another, without controlling the motion trajectory. The motion between the coordinate axes is unrelated, and the workpiece is not processed during the movement process. This type of CNC machine tool mainly includes CNC drilling machines, CNC coordinate boring machines, CNC punching machines, etc.

Linear control CNC machine tool: In addition to controlling the accurate position between points, the CNC system also needs to ensure that the movement trajectory between two points is a straight line, and the movement speed needs to be controlled, also known as point position linear control. This type of CNC machine tool mainly includes relatively simple CNC lathes, CNC milling machines, CNC grinding machines, etc. There are few CNC machine tools that are solely used for linear control.